Webthe Environment 2013) and 90% in Ireland (Convery, McDonnell, and Ferreira 2007). Taxes and fees also significantly increase re-usable bag use (Homonoff 2024; Poortinga, Whitmarsh, and Suffolk 2013; Rivers, Shen-stone-Harris, and Young 2024). In contrast, Homonoff (2024) finds that offering a five-cent bonus for reusable bag use generated vir - WebPoortinga et al. found that the introduction of the tax resulted in a strong and significant change in own bag use (plastic bag reuse) within the treatment sample (Wales). In Portugal, Martinho, Balaia, and Pires ( 2024 ) found that a tax was largely effective, reducing the consumption of plastic bags by about 74% and concurrently increasing the use of …
The Welsh Single-Use Carrier Bag Charge and behavioural spillover
WebJan 9, 2015 · This paper reports the findings of an observatory study conducted during the middle of 2013. The study aims to identify the level of consumer participation in the … lithium carbonate product monograph
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Webtheir success or effectiveness (Poortinga, Whitmarsh, & Suffolk, 2013). 330 Shahariah Asmuni et al. / Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 168 ( 2015 ) 328 – 340 ... 2013). Poortinga et al. (2013) described the effectiveness of the charge similarly, which is through the habit change of consumers towards consciously bringing their own WebPoortinga, Whitmarsh, & Suffolk (2013) and Martinhoa, Balaia, & Pires (2024) applied analysis of variance (ANOVA) and chi-square to analyze data from telephone surveys and face-to-face survey respectively, while He (2012) used the negative binomial model to find effects of the environmental policy Webthe point of purchase (Muralidharan and Sheehan 2024; Poortinga, Whitmarsh, and Suffolk, 2013). But as Xanthos and Walker argue, “research related to environmental outcomes is still lacking” and “more research is required to determine whether these reductions are having a positive impact on aquatic or marine environments” (2024, p. 22). lithium carbonate powder